Wholesale Gas Price Survey 2020 - Natural Gas Imports

From 2005 to 2019, global natural gas imports followed three pricing mechanisms: Oil Price Escalation (OPE), Gas-on-Gas competition (GOG), and Bilateral Monopoly (BIM). OPE, the dominant pricing method in 2005 (63%), steadily declined to 41% by 2019 — an 11%. Meanwhile, GOG surged from 21% to 53%, with volumes increasing by 250%, driven by the rise of competitive pipeline and LNG imports. BIM's share fell from 16% to 5% over the same period. The data reflects a clear shift towards market-based pricing, with GOG becoming the leading mechanism for global natural Gas trade by 2019.